Ethnicity, Race and Geographical Regions |
| |
Causes of Scleroderma by Ethnicity, Race and Geography |
| Factors that may incline a person to develop scleroderma include race, ethnicity, and geography. (Also see: Causes of Scleroderma, What is Scleroderma?, Types of Scleroderma, and Systemic Sclerosis) |
| Geoepidemiology of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Geoepidemiology demonstrates that ethnogenetic susceptibility interacts with lifestyle and environmental factors, which include socioeconomic status, infectious agents (triggering or protective agents), environmental pollutants, and vitamin D (dependent on sunlight exposure), in determining the risk of developing rheumatic autoimmunity. Shapira Y. (PubMed) Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010 Aug;6(8):468-76. |
Race and Ethnicity |
| Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II alleles, haplotypes, and epitopes which confer susceptibility or protection in the fibrosing autoimmune disease systemic sclerosis (SSc): analyses in 1300 Caucasian, African-American and Hispanic cases and 1000 controls. These data indicate unique and multiple HLA class II effects in SSc, especially on autoantibody markers of different sub-phenotypes. Frank C Arnett. Ann Rheum Dis. 12 July 2009. |
| Systemic sclerosis in Sarawak: a profile of patients treated in the Sarawak General Hospital. This study demonstrates the rarity of systemic sclerosis in a multi-ethnic groups, predominantly Chinese, Sarawak natives and Malays with considerable lag time to diagnosis. Diffuse cutaneous systemic scleroderma was more common with rare pulmonary hypertension and renal involvement. C. L. The Rheumatology International 17 April 2009. |
Geographical Regions |
| Association Study of ITGAM, ITGAX, and CD58 Autoimmune Risk Loci in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc): Results from 2 Large European Caucasian Cohorts. These results obtained through 2 large cohorts of SSc patients of European Caucasian ancestry do not support the implication of ITGAM, ITGAX, and CD58 genes in the genetic susceptibility of SSc, although they were recently identified as autoimmune disease risk genes. Coustet B J Rheumatol. 2011 Mar 1. |
| Anti-RNA Polymerase III Antibody Prevalence and Associated Clinical Manifestations in a Large Series of French Patients with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc): A Cross-sectional Study. The prevalence of anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies in French patients appeared to be lower than in the United States and similar to that in continental Europe. These antibodies were consistently associated with diffuse cutaneous disease and were the most common immunological marker for renal crisis. Olivier Meyer.J. Rheum. Nov 16, 2009 (Also see: RNA-Polymerases Antibodies) |
| The prognostic factors of systemic sclerosis for survival among Koreans. We investigated the prognostic factors for survival of SSc among 243 Korean patients. Old age, diffuse cutaneous involvement, anti-Scl-70 antibody, and internal organ involvement are risk factors for mortality. J. Kim. Clin Rheum. 2009 Dec 3. |
| Geographical variation of disease manifestations in systemic sclerosis: a report from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) group database. This analysis suggests that eastern centres care for more severe SSc manifestations in Europe. Large differences in patient referral account for a large local variability of SSc presentations and preclude the identification of genetic or environmental factors. Walker UA. (PubMed) Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Jun;68(6):856-62. |
| Ethnic Influence on Disease Manifestations and Autoantibodies in Chinese-Descent Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. Patients of Chinese descent have milder SSc disease with less frequent joint and gastrointestinal manifestations, less severe vasculopathy, but increased prevalence of myositis and certain autoantibodies. Research is needed to identify determinants (genetic, environmental, and cultural factors) of the relationship between ethnicity and disease. Andrea H.L. Low. The Journal of Rheumatology April 1, 2009 vol. 36 no. 4 787-793. |
| Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) among Nigerians. Scleroderma among Nigerians is rare as elsewhere and there are certain common characteristics as seen elsewhere as well as certain differences. Adelowo OO. (PubMed) Clin Rheumatol. 2009 May 13. |
