| Associated Conditions: MAIN MENU | |
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| Thyroid Diseases |
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| Graves' Disease or Hyperthyroidism |
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| Overview of Graves' Disease or Hyperthyroidism |
| Graves' Disease. Graves' disease is the most common form of hyperthyroidism, occurring when your immune system mistakenly attacks your thyroid gland and causes it to overproduce the hormone thyroxine. Mayo Clinic. |
| What Is Graves' Disease? What Causes Graves' Disease? Graves' disease is a form of hyperthyroidism. When thyroxine levels are high the patient's metabolic rate increases; this can have an effect on their physical appearance as well as moods. Medical News Today. 11/09/09. |
| Graves' Disease: Don't Let It Go Untreated. Graves' causes hyperthyroidism. Symptoms include insomnia, irritability, weight loss without dieting, heat sensitivity, increased perspiration, fine or brittle hair, muscular weakness, eye changes, lighter menstrual flow, rapid heart beat and hand tremors. It is associated with inflammation of the eyes, swelling of the tissue around the eyes, and protrusion, or bulging, of the eyes. Daily News Central. 08/15/05. |
| Graves' disease 1835-2002. The true aetiology of the disorder was uncovered in the 1950s and 1960s, based on the search for a novel thyroid stimulator which turned out to be an immunoglobulin G autoantibody. Advances should improve treatment options for Graves' disease in the foreseeable future. PubMed. Horm Res. 2003;59 Suppl 1:114-8. |
| Strikeout queen has new battle. It all started right around the time she was going for the record. Soon after the season concluded, Ryan was diagnosed with Graves' Disease, which is a type of autoimmune disease that causes over-activity of the thyroid gland, causing hyperthyroidism. Left untreated, Graves' Disease can lead to heart problems and in severe cases, it can be fatal. auburnpub.com. 07/14/07. |
| Symptoms of Graves' Disease or Hyperthyroidism |
| Symptoms of Graves' Disease. Graves' disease symptoms may include anxiety, irritability, difficulty sleeping, fatigue, a rapid or irregular heartbeat, a fine tremor of your hands or fingers, an increase in prespiration, sensitivity to heat, weight loss, despite normal food intake, brittle hair, enlargement of your thyroid gland (goiter), change in mentraul cycles, or frequent bowel movements. Mayo Clinic. |
| Risks and Symptoms of Graves' Disease and Hyperthyroidism. The risk factors for development of hyperthyroidism or Graves' disease include personal or family history of thyroid or autoimmune disease, recent pregnancy, and exposure to iodine, among other factors. about.com. |
| Causes of Graves' Disease or Hyperthyroidism |
| Familial risks for hospitalized Graves' disease and goiter. To our knowledge this is a first population-based family study on these thyroid diseases. The observed high familial aggregation for defined thyroid diseases cannot be explained by the known genetic basis, calling for further studies into genetic and environmental etiology of thyroid diseases. Hemminki K. (PubMed) Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Aug 6. |
| The environment and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and it has been calculated that 80% of the susceptibility to develop Graves' disease is attributable to genes. Further research is warranted into the importance of fetal microchimerism and of viral infections capable of mounting an endogenous interferon-alpha response. PubMed. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004 May;150(5):605-18. |
| A case of thymic enlargement in hyperthyroidism in a young woman. Our result raises the speculation that the thymus is also a target organ of autoimmune attack as are the orbital and fibroblasts, which lead to Graves' ophthalmopathy and pretibial dermopathy, respectively. PubMed. Thyroid. 2004 Apr;14(4):307-10. |
| The contribution of immune regulatory and thyroid specific genes to the etiology of Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases. The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are complex diseases which are caused by an interaction between susceptibility genes and environmental triggers. Genetic susceptibility in combination with external factors (e.g. dietary iodine) are believed to initiate the autoimmune response to thyroid antigens. PubMed. Autoimmunity. 2003 Sep-Nov;36(6-7):367-79. |
| Increase in serum levels of autoantibodies after attack of seasonal allergic rhinitis in patients with Graves' disease. Seasonal allergic rhinitis aggravated the clinical course of Graves' disease and induced an increase in serum antithyroid autoantibody concentrations as well as an increase in pollen-specific IgE concentration. PubMed. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2003 Nov;132(3):268-76. |
| Relationship of stressful life events, anxiety and depression to hyperthyroidism in an asian population. In patients with hyperthyroidism, anxiety, depression and stressful life events were more severe than in those with normal thyroid function. PubMed. Horm Res. 2003;60(5):247-51. |
| Diagnosis of Graves' Disease or Hyperthyroidism |
| Pyoderma gangrenosum as initial manifestation of Graves' disease. Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an uncommon ulcerative condition. The report emphasizes that a diagnostics of PG should be considered in patients with Graves' disease and skin ulcers. PubMed. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2006 Sep;31(5):659-61. (Also see: Digital Ulcers) |
| Eye muscle antibodies in Graves' ophthalmopathy: pathogenic or secondary epiphenomenon? While a pathogenic role for eye muscle antibodies has not been excluded, they are most likely secondary to cytotoxic T cell reactions in GO and, as such, good markers of this autoimmune disease. PubMed. J Endocrinol Invest. 2004 Mar;27(3):221-9. |
| Treatment and Management of Graves' Disease or Hyperthyroidism |
| Researchers find new way to attack inflammation in Graves’ eye disease. A small group of patients with severe Graves’ eye disease experienced rapid improvement of their symptoms, and improved vision, following treatment with the drug rituximab. University of Michigan Health System. 11/06/09. |
| Treatment options for Graves' disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Our findings demonstrate that total thyroidectomy (TT) is more cost effective than radioactive iodine or lifelong antithyroid medication in these patients; this continues until the cost of TT becomes greater than 19,300 US dollars. In H. (PubMed) J Am Coll Surg. 2009 Aug;209(2):170-179.e1-2. |
| Insulin-like Growth Receptors (IGF-1R) implicated in the pathogenesis of Graves' Disease. Investigators have found evidence that continues to implicate insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) in the development of Graves' disease. The discovery of these mechanisms in a similar class of autoimmune diseases supports the belief that a single biological mechanism is activating a variety of autoimmune diseases. RxPG News. 02/16/07. |
| Remission of Graves’ disease during anti-thyroid drug therapy. Time to reconsider the mechanism? Therapy of Graves’ hyperthyroidism with thionamide anti-thyroid drugs is accompanied by a gradual remission of the autoimmune aberration in the majority of patients. European Journal of Endocrinology, Vol 155, Issue 6, 783-786. |
| Treatment of ocular motility disturbances in Graves' disease with botulinum toxin A. Statistically, the degree of upgaze increased notably in all three groups, but mostly in the first group. PubMed. Coll Antropol. 2005;29 Suppl 1:41-6. |
| A 36-year retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of radioactive iodine in treating young Graves' patients. Over time, all but two patients became hypothyroid. Pregnancies did not result in an unusual number of congenital anomalies or spontaneous abortions. Treating young people with Graves' disease with radioiodine is safe and effective over the long term. PubMed. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Sep;89(9):4229-33. |
| Graves' disease in children: Management and review of 20 patients. Because few children achieve remission with medical therapy, other types of treatment (surgery or radioiodine) are often required. Although antithyroid drugs are considered the first choice for treatment in Europe, some authors advocate radioiodine as the treatment of choice. PubMed. An Pediatr (Barc). 2004 Aug;61(2):131-6. |
| Thyroid radiation may be cancer risk - study. The Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (SSI) says doctors are failing to optimise doses of a standard therapy for Graves disease and are giving a fixed amount of radioactive iodine-131 which could be dangerous for patients. IOL. 03/03/04. |
| Total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease. Total thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for multinodular goiter and thyroiditis, when there is bilateral gland involvement posterior to middle thyroid veins, and for Grave's disease. PubMed. Laryngoscope. 2003 Oct;113(10):1820-6. |
| Surgical treatment of Graves' disease in children. Considering the aggressiveness of childhood Graves' disease, subtotal thyroidectomy with thyroid remnant less than 3 g is the procedure of choice for preventing recurrent hyperthyroidism. PubMed. Thyroid. 2004 Jun;14(6):447-52. (Also see: Thyroid Disease: Graves' Disease) |
| Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome complicated by Graves' disease. There is a close relationship between the cutaneous manifestation of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and the activities of Grave's disease and a possible link of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome with Grave's disease was suggested both by the etiology of the disease as well as the disease activity. PubMed. J Dermatol. 2002 Dec;29(12):776-80. (Also see: Antiphospholipid Syndrome) |
| Graves' Disease and other Conditions |
| Hypothyroid Graves’ disease complicated with elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV): a case report and review of the literature. Hypothyroid Graves’ disease is a very rare condition among autoimmune thyroid disorders, and ENV is an extremely rare form of TD. Here, we present a patient with hypothyroid Graves’ disease and ENV. (SpringerLink) K. Ükinç. Endocrine. Volume 36, Number 1 / August, 2009. |
| Management of Graves' hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Focus on both maternal and foetal thyroid function, and caution against surgical thyroidectomy in pregnancy. Antithyroid drug therapy of pregnant women with Graves hyperthyroidism should be balanced to control both maternal and foetal thyroid function. P. Laurberg. European Journal of Endocrinology. October 10, 2008. (Also see: Autoimmunity and Pregnancy) |
| Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Graves' disease may complicate the course of pregnancy; pregnancy on the other hand may alter the natural course of the disease. The future mother and her family should be aware of the potential complications for both mother and her offspring if proper management guidelines are not carefully followed. PubMed. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun;18(2):267-88. |
| Thyroid Education and Support |
| Five Reasons You Can't Get Your Thyroid Problem Diagnosed. Many thyroid patients write to ask why it can be so incredibly hard to get diagnosed. A few things to think about. About.com. 08/23/07. |
| How Armour® Thyroid Differs From Synthetic Thyroid Hormone Replacements. Armour Thyroid. |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia. ISN. |
