| Sjögren's Syndrome |
| This page was written by Shelley Ensz, and has not yet been medically edited. Scleroderma (SD) affects everyone differently. See Disclaimer. |
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Diagnosis of Sjogren's Syndrome
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| Overview of Diagnosis of Sjogren's Syndrome |
| Typical diagnostic tests for Sjogren's include Schirmer's eye test, slit-lamp test, tests measuring saliva flow, radiologic salivary scans, and salivary gland biopsy. |
| Sjogren's syndrome. A new international consensus for diagnosis requires objective signs and symptoms of dryness including a characteristic appearance of a biopsy sample from a minor salivary gland or autoantibody such as anti-SS-A. PubMed. Lancet. 2005 Jul 23-29;366(9482):321-31. |
| Pathogenesis and diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome. Sjögren’s syndrome should be considered when extraglandular manifestations such as vasculitis, polyneuropathy or arthritis occur, even when the patients do not complain of dry eyes and mouth. T. Witte. Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie December 16, 2009. |
| Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Sjogren's Syndrome |
| Primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) with anticentromere antibodies (ACA) —a clinically distinct subset. These findings suggest that patients with pSS who have ACA may be a subgroup of patients at increased risk of extraglandular systemic manifestations and lymphoma. Dhiraj Gulati. Clinical Rheumatology. January 18, 2010. |
| Cytokine and autoantibody profiling related to histopathological features in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Differences in cytokine levels may be utilized when sub-grouping the SS patients into disease phases and may consequently have implications for treatment. T.R. Reksten. Rheumatology Advance Access. July 2 2009. |
| Anticentromere Antibodies (ACA) Identify Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) and Autoimmune Overlap Syndrome. The presence of ACA among patients with SS allows identification of a subset of patients with "SS overlap syndrome," who show a wide diversity of autoimmunity, encompassing but not limited to limited cutaneous sclerosis (SSc). J Rheumatol 2007;34:2253-8 (Also see: Antibodies, and Scleroderma in Overlap) |
| Centromere Protein C Is a Target of Autoantibodies in Sjögren's Syndrome and Is Uniformly Associated with Antibodies to Ro and La. Antibodies to both CENP B (centromere proteins B) and CENP C occur in SS. In a subset representing 15% of SS patients studied, these anticentromere antibodies recognize exclusively CENP C, and were uniformly associated with antibodies to Ro 52 and La. J Rheumatol. VOLUME 31: NO. 6 JUNE 2004;31:1121-5. (Also see: Antibodies and Sjogren's Syndrome) |
| Biomarkers in Saliva and Tears |
| Sjögren's Syndrome: Saliva to diagnose primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Scientists at the University of California-Los Angeles have identified a panel of salivary biomarkers that can distinguish pSS patients from healthy subjects. SpiritIndia.com 03/23/07. |
| Painless Test Using Teardrops May Speed Diagnosis Of Sjögren's Syndrome. This noninvasive test, which analyzes multiple protein biomarkers in the tears using highly sensitive mass spectrometry, shows promise in early clinical studies as the first simple test for identifying the disease. ScienceDaily 04/16/05. |
| Mathematical Model for Diagnosis of Sjogren's Syndrome |
| A new mathematical model based on clinical and laboratory variables for the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome. The aim of our study was to develop a simple mathematical score that uses clinical and laboratory variables for diagnosing SS, thereby reducing the need of minor salivary gland. We conclude that our mathematical model can be considered a useful non-invasive approach for diagnosing Sjogren's Syndrome and recommend its validation on a larger scale. PubMed. Clin Rheumatol 2003 May;22(2):123-6. |
| Salivary Gland Biopsy for Diagnosis of Sjogren's Syndrome |
| Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy (MSGB) To Detect Primary Sjögren Syndrome (pSS) in Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD). Confirming a diagnosis of pSS-related ILD by performing MSGB allows for more precise connective tissue disease (CTD) classification. This study provides evidence that CTD may exist subclinically and longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether identifying occult CTD impacts on management, longitudinal changes in lung function, or survival. Aryeh Fischer, MD. Chest. October 2009. (Also see: CTD) |
| Schirmer's Test for Diagnosis of Sjogren's Syndrome |
| Schirmer's Test. This is also known as a dry eye test, a tear test, or a tearing test. The Schirmer's test determines whether the eye produces enough tears to keep it moist. Paper strips are inserted under the eyelid. Before the test, you may be given numbing eye drops to prevent tearing due to the irritation from the paper. Most often, the eyes are closed for about 5 minutes. Medline Plus, NIH. |
| Slit Lamp Test for Diagnosis of Sjogren's Syndrome |
| Slit Lamp Examination. The slit lamp exam uses an instrument that provides a magnified, three-dimensional (3-D) view of the different parts of the eye. During the exam, your health professional can look at the front parts of the eye, including the clear, outer covering (cornea), the lens, the colored part (iris), and the front section of the gel-like fluid (vitreous gel) that fills the large space in the middle of the eye. WebMD. |
| Ultrasonography of Glands for Diagnosis of Sjogren's Syndrome |
| Ultrasonography of Salivary Glands. A Highly Specific Imaging Procedure for Diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome. The data indicate that ultrasonography of major salivary glands is a noninvasive imaging procedure with high diagnostic value for the diagnosis of primary and secondary SS. J Rheumatol 2008;35:285-93. (Also see: Sjogren's Syndrome) |
